mineral

Malachite

Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide [Cu2CO3(OH)2]

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 (Mohs). Color: Bright green to dark green, often with circular banding. Luster: Silky, velvety, or dull. Crystal structure: Monoclinic; commonly botryoidal (grape-like) or massive. Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0.

Hardness: 3
Color: Bright green to dark green, often with circular banding
Luster: Silky, velvety, or dull

Identified July 9, 2026More mineral →

Explore Malachite in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

A secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. It precipitates from ascending hydrothermal fluids or descending meteoric water interacting with copper ores. This specimen likely originates from the volcanic and desert environments of the American Southwest.

Uses & applications

Historically an important copper ore; currently used for ornamental carvings, jewelry, pigment for paints, and by mineral collectors for its vivid green aesthetic.

Geological facts

Malachite is often found with azurite (blue). It was used as a green mineral pigment in paintings through the 1800s and is famous for its use in the 'Malachite Room' of the Winter Palace in Russia.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its distinctive vibrant green streak and effervescence in dilute hydrochloric acid. The location provided (New Mexico, USA) is regionally consistent with copper mineralization zones where malachite and turquoise are common.

Other mineral specimens

See all

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Mineral

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Granite

Granite (Phaneritic intrusive igneous rock)

igneous