mineral

Malachite

Malachite - Cu2CO3(OH)2

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs); Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish green; Luster: Adamantine to vitreous (crystals) or silky to dull (massive); Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0.

Hardness: 3
Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish green
Luster: Adamantine to vitreous (crystals) or silky to dull (massive)

Identified April 11, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zones of copper deposits. It results from the weathering of copper ores in the presence of carbonated water. Found in hydrothermally altered environments.

Uses & applications

Used primarily for jewelry, decorative carvings, lapidary art, and pigment. Historically used as a copper ore and as a cosmetic eye shadow in ancient Egypt.

Geological facts

Malachite is famous for its 'eye' patterns and banding. It is often found associated with Azurite, another copper carbonate. In ancient times, it was believed to protect children from evil spirits.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive vibrant green color and botryoidal (grape-like) or banded growth patterns. It will effervesce in dilute hydrochloric acid since it is a carbonate. Found in significant deposits in the Congo, Russia, and Namibia.