mineral

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide, Cu2CO3(OH)2

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green with characteristic dark green concentric banding or stripes; Luster: Silky to vitreous (polished); Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect in one direction, although rarely seen in massive forms.

Hardness: 3
Luster: Silky to vitreous (polished)

Identified July 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits. It typically forms as a secondary mineral through the weathering of primary copper minerals like chalcopyrite or bornite. Often found in botryoidal, fibrous, or stalactitic habits.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a semi-precious gemstone in jewelry, beads, and decorative carvings. Historically used as a green mineral pigment for painting and as a source of copper ore.

Geological facts

Malachite is famous for its 'eye' patterns and banding. In ancient Egypt, it was used for amulets and cosmetics. It is often found associated with Azurite, another copper carbonate mineral that is bright blue.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its vibrant green color and distinct, parallel or concentric light-and-dark banding. It is relatively heavy for its size due to the copper content. Found in large quantities in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Russia, and the Southwest United States.