metamorphic
Marble
Recrystallized Carbonate Rock (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: white with grey/blue veining; Luster: vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: trigonal (rhombohedral); Cleavage: perfect in three directions; Specific gravity: 2.7
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- white with grey/blue veining
- Luster
- vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale; Color: white with grey/blue veining; Luster: vitreous to pearly; Crystal structure: trigonal (rhombohedral); Cleavage: perfect in three directions; Specific gravity: 2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional or contact metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks, such as limestone or dolostone, under extreme heat and pressure over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material for countertops, flooring, and wall cladding; also popular in sculpture, monuments, and as an ingredient in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Geological facts
Marble has been used since classical antiquity. The famous Carrara marble from Italy was used by Michelangelo for his 'David'. The grey veins are usually caused by mineral impurities like clay, silt, or iron oxides.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its softness (can be scratched by a copper penny or steel knife) and its effervescent reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid. Commonly found in mountainous regions like the Alps or Appalachians.
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