metamorphic
Marble
Metamorphic rock primarily composed of Calcite (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale. Color: White to off-white. Luster: Vitreous to pearly. Crystal structure: Granoblastic (medium to coarse-grained interlocking calcite crystals). Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in individual crystals. Specific gravity: 2.7.
- Hardness
- 3 on Mohs scale
- Color
- White to off-white
- Luster
- Vitreous to pearly
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on Mohs scale. Color: White to off-white. Luster: Vitreous to pearly. Crystal structure: Granoblastic (medium to coarse-grained interlocking calcite crystals). Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in individual crystals. Specific gravity: 2.7.
Formation & geological history
Formed when limestone is subjected to the heat and pressure of metamorphism. This recrystallizes the carbonate minerals into a dense mass of interlocking crystals. It is found in mountain-building regions or areas of intense tectonic activity.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, flooring, and tiles. Historically used for sculpture and monuments (e.g., the Taj Mahal). Also used as an agricultural lime or as an abrasive in cleaning products.
Geological facts
The term 'marble' comes from the Greek word 'marmaros', meaning 'shining stone'. Because it is composed of calcite, marble will effervesce (fizz) when in contact with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sugary, crystalline texture and its softness—it can be scratched with a copper penny or a knife. Look for it in regions with historical metamorphic activity like Italy, Greece, and Vermont, USA.
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