sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 based with mineral cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale) for individual quartz grains; Color: Tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Texture: Gritty/sandpaper feel; Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Grain size: 0.0625 to 2 mm.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale) for individual quartz grains
- Color
- Tan, brown, or grayish
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale) for individual quartz grains; Color: Tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Texture: Gritty/sandpaper feel; Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Grain size: 0.0625 to 2 mm.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and compaction of mineral particles or rock fragments of sand size; common in desert, river, and coastal environments. Geological age can range from Precambrian to recent periods.
Uses & applications
A primary building material used in masonry, paving, and exterior architecture; also used as a reservoir rock in the petroleum industry and as a raw material for glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous 'Wave' formation in Arizona is composed entirely of Jurassic-aged Navajo Sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by rubbing it with your finger—if fine sand grains come loose, it is likely sandstone. Common in arid canyons and coastal cliffs. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding patterns or fossil inclusions.
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