sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (Fe-oxide cemented)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, reddish-tan, or orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, reddish-tan, or orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, reddish-tan, or orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains (primarily quartz) in river beds, deserts, or marine environments. The reddish-brown color suggests the presence of iron oxide (hematite or limonite) as a cementing agent.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in building construction as dimension stone, paving, and decorative garden landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossils and sedimentary structures like ripple marks or cross-bedding that provide a record of ancient environments. It makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sand-like texture (feels like sandpaper). It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and canyons. For identification, check if it scratches glass (quartz content) and look for visible layers.
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