mineral

Native Copper in Matrix

Native Copper (Cu)

Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs. Color: Metallic copper-red when fresh, weathered to dull brown, red (cuprite), or green (malachite). Luster: Metallic. Crystal Structure: Isometric. Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 8.94.

Hardness: 2
Luster: Metallic

Identified July 9, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in hydrothermal veins and in the cavities of basaltic lavas. Much of the world's native copper (like the Keweenaw Peninsula specimens) formed roughly 1.1 billion years ago during the Midcontinent Rift.

Uses & applications

Major ore for industrial copper production (historically); currently prized for mineral collecting and ornamental use. Industrial copper is used in electronics, wiring, and plumbing.

Geological facts

Copper was the first metal to be worked by humans. Specimens showing the metallic copper still embedded in their original host rock (matrix) are highly valued by collectors compared to cleaned, isolated copper pieces.

Field identification & locations

Identifiable by its high density (weight), metallic luster on fresh surfaces, and red-brown weathered appearance. Found in abundance in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, Arizona, and Chile. A streak test will result in a metallic copper-red color.