metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark green to olive; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Interlocking fibrous monoclinic crystals; Cleavage: None (highly tough fracture); SG: 2.9-3.0
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Dark green to olive
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Dark green to olive; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Interlocking fibrous monoclinic crystals; Cleavage: None (highly tough fracture); SG: 2.9-3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed via regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like serpentinite) or by contact metamorphism of dolomitic limestones. It is known for its extreme toughness due to interwoven fibers.
Uses & applications
Extensively used for jewelry, ornamental carvings, axe heads in prehistoric times, and decorative objects.
Geological facts
Nephrite was the original 'Jade' used in ancient China before Jadeite was imported from Myanmar in the 1700s. It is more common and tougher than jadeite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy/greasy luster when polished, high density, and lack of visible crystalline grains. Found in Canada, New Zealand, Russia, and the USA (California and Wyoming).
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