metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to dark olive green; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous microstructures); Specific gravity: 2.90–3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Sage green to dark olive green
- Luster
- Waxy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Sage green to dark olive green; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibrous microstructures); Specific gravity: 2.90–3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed via regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolostones) or serpentinites. Many specimens found today originate from the subduction zone processes over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry making, ornamental carvings, sculpture, and historically for tool making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is actually tougher than steel due to its interlocking fibrous structure, making it incredibly difficult to break despite not being as hard as diamond. It has been a sacred stone in Chinese culture for over 5,000 years.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its soapy or waxy feel when polished, its high density (feels heavy for its size), and its resistance to scratching with a common pocket knife. Commonly found in riverbeds in British Columbia, New Zealand (Pounamu), and Siberia.
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