metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 (Calcium magnesium iron silicate hydroxide)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Pine green to mottled light green; Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous microstructure); Cleavage: Fractures rather than cleaves; Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Pine green to mottled light green
- Luster
- Greasy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Pine green to mottled light green; Luster: Greasy to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous microstructure); Cleavage: Fractures rather than cleaves; Specific Gravity: 2.90-3.03.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or ultrabasic rocks. The characteristic toughness comes from an interlocking felted structure of actinolite or tremolite fibers.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry, decorative carvings, and ornamental objects. Historically used for weapons and tools due to its incredible toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher (resistant to breaking) than steel, even though steel is harder (resistant to scratching). It has been revered in Chinese culture for over 5,000 years, where it is known as 'the Stone of Heaven'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'waxy' or 'greasy' feel and mottled green patterns. Unlike many green stones, nephrite is opaque to translucent and very difficult to chip. Common locations include British Columbia (Canada), New Zealand, and China.
