metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep green with dark inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibers); Cleavage: None (highly tough structure); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0
- Hardness
- 6-6
- Color
- Deep green with dark inclusions
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep green with dark inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (interlocking fibers); Cleavage: None (highly tough structure); Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphism of magnesium-rich limestones (dolomites) or ultramafic rocks in the presence of water-rich fluids. Usually found in contact metamorphic zones.
Uses & applications
Extensively used for jewelry, ornamental carvings, statuettes, and historically for tool making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two distinct minerals known as jade (the other being jadeite). It is famous for its incredible toughness, which is a result of its interlocking fibrous structure, making it harder to break than steel by impact.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, extreme toughness, and common dark 'pepper' spots (chromite or magnetite inclusions). Commonly found in BC Canada, New Zealand, Russia, and China.
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