sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Arkose or Lithic)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- Tan, buff, or light brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments over millions of years, typically in river beds, deserts, or marine environments.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction for paving, building facades, and as an abrasive in industry. Finer specimens are used in stone carving and decorative architecture.
Geological facts
Sandstone preserves records of past environments; for example, cross-bedding within the layers can indicate the direction of ancient wind or water currents.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering. It is common worldwide in sedimentary basins.
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