sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based with various mineral cements)

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull (earthy); Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of rounded or angular grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich)
Color: Tan, beige, or light brown
Luster: Dull (earthy)

Identified March 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (0.0625 to 2 mm). These typically deposit in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments. Over millions of years, pressure and chemical cementation create solid rock.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a building stone and paving material due to its durability. In industry, high-purity quartz sandstone is used for glassmaking. Small water-worn pebbles like this are often used in decorative landscaping.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. Many iconic geological formations, like the Grand Canyon or Petra in Jordan, are carved largely into sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel (like sandpaper) and visible grains. It is often found in riverbeds or near ancient sea beds. Collectors look for unique banding or 'Liesegang rings' caused by iron oxidation.

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Sandstone (with man-made markings)

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