igneous
Olivine (Peridotite)
Magnesium Iron Silicate - (Mg, Fe)2SiO4
Hardness: 6.5–7 on Mohs scale; Color: olive green, yellowish-green to brownish; Luster: vitreous to oily; Crystal structure: orthorhombic; Cleavage: poor; Specific gravity: 3.27–4.37.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- olive green, yellowish-green to brownish
- Luster
- vitreous to oily
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5–7 on Mohs scale; Color: olive green, yellowish-green to brownish; Luster: vitreous to oily; Crystal structure: orthorhombic; Cleavage: poor; Specific gravity: 3.27–4.37.
Formation & geological history
Formed in the Earth's upper mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity (xenoliths) or tectonic uplift (ophiolites). It is one of the first minerals to crystallize from a cooling magma melt.
Uses & applications
Used as a refractory material in steel making (due to high melting point), a slag conditioner, an abrasive (sandblasting), and high-quality specimens are cut into the gemstone 'Peridot'.
Geological facts
Olivine is a primary component of the Earth's upper mantle. It has also been discovered in meteorites (pallasites) and on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct 'olive' green color and granular texture. Commonly found in basaltic rocks, ultramafic intrusions, and specific sites like the Green Sand Beach in Hawaii or various volcanic regions globally.
