sedimentary
Sandstone with Iron Staining
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6.5-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Tan to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral grains and organic material, followed by lithification. The red/orange staining is caused by the oxidation of iron minerals (limonite or hematite) within the rock matrix over time.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a construction material, for paving, and in landscaping. Highly iron-stained pieces are sometimes used as decorative garden stones.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth. The 'rust' visible on the surface suggests the rock has been exposed to oxygen and water, causing iron minerals to oxidize.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. Found globally in basins and riverbeds. Collectors look for unique banding or patterns caused by iron migration.
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