sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (Fe-rich)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow-brown to tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Yellow-brown to tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow-brown to tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cemented lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. The yellow-brown color indicates the presence of iron oxide minerals like limonite or goethite acting as a cementing agent.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as a building material, paving, and decorative stone. Historically used for grindstones and architectural masonry.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often contains significant aquifers and petroleum reservoirs due to its porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Widely found in sedimentary basins, canyons, and coastal cliffs. Check for layering (stratification) in the field.
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