Sandstone (likely Graywacke or Lithic Sandstone)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Dirty gray to brownish-tan, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None (conchoidal to irregular fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. This specimen appears weathered and water-worn, likely from a fluvial (river) or coastal environment. Geological age varies widely by location but such rocks are common from the Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras.

Primary use is in the construction industry as aggregate, road base, or building stone. High-quality varieties are used for glassmaking if quartz-rich. Common specimens have little jewelry value but are used as landscape accents.

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. This specific piece shows significant rounding, suggesting it traveled a long distance in water before being deposited.

Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' texture and the presence of visible grains. It can be scratched by a steel file but will scratch a copper penny. Found globally in basins, riverbeds, and deserts.