sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Sandstone (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, yellow, and reddish-brown banding; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, yellow, and reddish-brown banding
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, yellow, and reddish-brown banding; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish bands indicate iron oxide (hematite/limonite) precipitation within the layers during the lithification process.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction as a building stone, for making grindstones, or as an ornamental rock in landscaping. Certain high-purity sandstones are used in glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and often preserves ripple marks and cross-bedding from ancient environments like deserts or riverbeds.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible bedding planes or color bands. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and canyons throughout the world.
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