igneous
Granite
Granite (Felsic Intrusive)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, white, gray, and black; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar minerals, none in quartz; Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pink, white, gray, and black
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, white, gray, and black; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Cleavage: Distinct in feldspar minerals, none in quartz; Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the slow crystallization of magma below the Earth's surface (plutonic). It is primarily composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Geological age ranges from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest substances in the world, second only to diamonds and certain other gemstones in natural durability.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its speckled, interlocking crystalline texture where individual mineral grains (quartz, feldspars, micas/amphiboles) are visible to the naked eye. Found globally in continental mountain ranges and shields.
