sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Ferruginous Sandstone (SiO2 with Fe2O3)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brown to reddish-brown, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Brown to reddish-brown, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The brown color indicates iron oxide (hematite or limonite) acting as a cementing agent. Common in fluvial, marine, or desert environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction (flagstone, pavers), as an abrasive material, and as a reservoir rock for oil, gas, and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its porosity makes it an excellent natural filter for groundwater.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering or bedding planes. Often found in outcrops, riverbeds, and mountainous regions with sedimentary history.
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