igneous
Peridotite
Peridotite (predominantly Olivine and Pyroxene)
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Olive-green to yellowish-green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.2-3.4
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Olive-green to yellowish-green
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Olive-green to yellowish-green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.2-3.4
Formation & geological history
An ultramafic intrusive igneous rock formed deep within the Earth's mantle or by the settling of crystals from a cooling magma chamber. It is the primary component of the upper mantle.
Uses & applications
Primary source of the gemstone peridot; also used for sequestration of carbon dioxide and as a heavy construction aggregate.
Geological facts
Peridotite is rarely seen on the Earth's surface unless brought up through deep-seated volcanic eruptions (xenoliths) or tectonic uplifting of the seafloor (ophiolites).
Field identification & locations
Identify by its characteristic olive-green color and sugary crystalline texture. Commonly found in basaltic volcanic fields and mountain belts.
