sedimentary

Petrified Palmwood

Palmoxylon (fossilized monocot xylem)

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, cream, and grey; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Structure: Distinctive rod-like vascular bundles appearing as dots or 'eyes' in cross-section and lines in longitudinal section.

Hardness: 6
Color: Brown, tan, cream, and grey
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified June 21, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed during the Eocene to Oligocene epochs (approx. 30-40 million years ago) through permineralization, where silica-rich groundwater replaced the organic cellular structure of ancient palm trees.

Uses & applications

Highly prized for lapidary work, including jewelry (cabochons), knife handles, bookends, and collection displays. It is the state stone of Texas and the state fossil of Louisiana.

Geological facts

Unlike hardwood trees that have annual rings, palm trees are monocots and have bundles of vascular tissue scattered throughout the stem, which creates the unique 'polka-dot' pattern when fossilized.

Field identification & locations

Identified by the unique pitted or spotted texture on the flat surface and stringy fibrous lines on the sides; commonly found in the Gulf Coast region of the United States, especially Texas and Louisiana.

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