sedimentary

Sandstone (Ferruginous)

Arenite (iron-rich)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs). Color: Reddish-brown, orange, tan (due to iron oxides). Luster: Dull or earthy. Structure: Granular, clastic texture. Cleavage: None (fractures roughly). Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs)
Color: Reddish-brown, orange, tan (due to iron oxides)
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified April 5, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish hue indicates iron-rich groundwater precipitated hematite or limonite cement between grains during diagenesis over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a dimension stone for construction, paving, and decorative garden landscaping. In crushed form, used for road base or as a source of silica in glassmaking.

Geological facts

Sandstone accounts for roughly 20 to 25 percent of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The red color suggests deposition in an oxygenated environment, such as a desert or a river floodplain.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible layering (bedding planes). It is commonly found in canyons, desert cliffs, and old riverbeds globally.