metamorphic
Polished jasper pebble
Jasper, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), commonly with iron-oxide impurities
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; opaque burgundy, gray, cream, and brown coloration with fine brecciation or veining; typically dull to waxy luster and no visible cleavage. The rounded, smooth surface indicates water wear or tumbling/polishing.
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Physical properties
Hardness about 6.5–7 Mohs; opaque burgundy, gray, cream, and brown coloration with fine brecciation or veining; typically dull to waxy luster and no visible cleavage. The rounded, smooth surface indicates water wear or tumbling/polishing.
Formation & geological history
Jasper forms when silica-rich fluids replace or cement fine-grained sediments or volcanic material, with iron oxides producing red and brown colors. Most specimens are geologically ancient, commonly Paleozoic to Mesozoic, though age depends on locality.
Uses & applications
Used as a lapidary stone for cabochons, carvings, beads, tumbled stones, and decorative objects; occasionally used for ornamental architectural work.
Geological facts
Jasper is a variety of chert distinguished by its opacity and abundant impurities. The cream-colored patches may represent quartz-rich material, alteration zones, or breccia fragments.
Field identification & locations
Identify it by its opaque appearance, very fine texture, waxy luster, and resistance to scratching; it should not be scratched easily by a steel knife. Common sources include India, Madagascar, Brazil, the western United States, and Australia.
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