mineral (synthetic)

Cubic Zirconia (CZ) Jewelry

Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2)

Hardness: 8.0-8.5 Mohs; Color: Colorless/Pink (via doping); Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.6-6.0.

Hardness: 8
Color: Colorless/Pink (via doping)
Luster: Adamantine

Identified March 13, 2026More mineral (synthetic) →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 8.0-8.5 Mohs; Color: Colorless/Pink (via doping); Luster: Adamantine; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 5.6-6.0.

Formation & geological history

Created in a laboratory through the skull melting process, which involves heating powdered zirconium dioxide and zirconium metal to 2,750 degrees Celsius. In nature, baddeleyite (monoclinic ZrO2) is the common mineral form.

Uses & applications

Primary use as a diamond simulant in jewelry, though industrial applications include high-temperature ceramics, oxygen sensors, and abrasive materials.

Geological facts

First synthesized in a lab in 1937, it didn't become a commercial diamond alternative until the mid-1970s. It is 1.7 times heavier than a diamond of the same size and lacks internal inclusions.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high fire (dispersion), higher weight relative to size (high specific gravity), and lack of natural imperfections. It is often set in base metals or sterling silver for mass-market fashion jewelry.

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