sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff with iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.1-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Tan, brown, or buff with iron oxide staining
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified April 1, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff with iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.1-2.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed from the lithification of sand-sized grains (mostly quartz and feldspar). These grains are deposited by water, ice, or wind and then cemented over millions of years by minerals like silica or calcite. Age ranges from Precambrian to recent epochs.

Uses & applications

Majorly used in construction for flagstones and masonry; historically used for millstones and architectural monuments. Used as a reservoir rock for petroleum and natural gas exploration.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of Earth's sedimentary rocks. Famous formations include the Grand Canyon and the red rocks of Sedona, Arizona. It acts as a natural aquifer, filtering and storing groundwater.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture. Look for layers or cross-bedding. Can be found globally in deserts, riverbeds, and coastal regions. Collectors look for unique banding or fossilized imprints within layers.