sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or earthy yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized mineral grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Tan, brown, or earthy yellow
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 20, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or earthy yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized mineral grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. These deposits typically occur in river beds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a building material, paving stones, and in the manufacturing of glass and concrete. Fine-grained specimens are also used as grindstones for sharpening metal tools.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations of the American Southwest, such as those in the Grand Canyon and Zion National Park, are composed mainly of sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layers of bedding. It is found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors should look for unique banding patterns (Liesegang rings) or fossils contained within the matrix.