sedimentary
Red Sandstone
Sandstone (mainly SiO2 with Iron Oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-brown/pink; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None (interrupts across grains); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Reddish-brown/pink
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-brown/pink; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None (interrupts across grains); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The red color suggests deposition in an oxygen-rich environment (arid or continental) where iron minerals oxidized. Ages vary from Precambrian to modern.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction for flagstones, pavers, and building facades. Fine-grained varieties are used for whetstones and architectural carvings.
Geological facts
The vibrant red color is usually due to a thin coating of hematite around the quartz grains. Red sandstone formations create some of the world's most famous landscapes, such as the Grand Canyon and Petra.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible layering (bedding). It is frequently found in riverbeds, deserts, and coastal cliffs. Collectors look for unique ripples or trace fossils.
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