igneous

Granite

Phaneritic Plutonic Felsic Rock (SiO2, KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pink, gray, white, and black speckled pattern; Luster: Vitreous to dull; Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained) crystalline; Cleavage: None (minerals within have cleavage, but the rock fractures unevenly).

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Pink, gray, white, and black speckled pattern
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified March 18, 2026More igneous →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from the slow crystallization of silica-rich magma beneath the Earth's surface (intrusive). Geological age varies from Precambrian to Cenozoic. It forms the bulk of the Earth's continental crust.

Uses & applications

Construction (countertops, floor tiles, paving), monuments, sculpture carving, and road aggregate. Highly valued for durability and resistance to weathering.

Geological facts

Granite is one of the hardest natural stones. Mount Rushmore and the base of the Statue of Liberty are made of granite. The pink color is caused by the presence of Potassium Feldspar.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its interlocking 'salt and pepper' crystalline texture; it contains visible grains of quartz, feldspar, and dark biotite or amphibole. Found globally in mountainous regions and shield areas like the Canadian Shield.

Other igneous specimens

See all

Blue Apatite

Fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F)

mineral

Dark Igneous Rock (Likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) or Diabase (intrusive igneous rock - also known as Dolerite), largely composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), and sometimes olivine and amphibole. Exact mineralogy would require thin section analysis.

Igneous

Magnetite

Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4)

mineral

Sodalite

Sodalite - Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2

mineral

Blue Apatite

Apatite (Group), Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

mineral

Magnetite

Magnetite (Fe3O4)

mineral