sedimentary
Sandstone
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Grey, brown, or tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Grey, brown, or tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Grey, brown, or tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments. Age varies by formation.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a building material, in asphalt for road construction, as a source for glass sand, and occasionally as decorative landscaping stone.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10 to 20 percent of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. Famous structures like Petra in Jordan are carved directly into sandstone cliffs.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often shows layering or bedding planes. Found globally in basins and mountainous regions.
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