sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 based)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Brown, red, yellow, tan; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Brown, red, yellow, tan
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Brown, red, yellow, tan; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in deserts, riverbeds, or beaches over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used for building materials, paving, decorative stone, grindstones, and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of Sedona and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty sandpaper feel. Look for distinct bedding planes and layering. Common in sedimentary basins worldwide.
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