sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (with Iron Oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Brown, red, or tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Brown, red, or tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Brown, red, or tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The brown color indicates the presence of iron oxide (hematite or limonite). Typically found in ancient desert, river, or coastal environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction as a building stone or road aggregate. In some cases, it is used for grindstones or industrial sand casting.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous formations include the Grand Canyon and the red rocks of Sedona, Arizona.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often shows bedding layers. It is ubiquitous in sedimentary basins and mountain ranges globally.
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