mineral
Quartz (Clear or Smoky)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 7 (Mohs), Color: Colorless to grey/black, Luster: Vitreous, Structure: Hexagonal crystal system, Cleavage: Indistinct/Conchoidal fracture, Specific gravity: 2.65.
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs), Color: Colorless to grey/black, Luster: Vitreous, Structure: Hexagonal crystal system, Cleavage: Indistinct/Conchoidal fracture, Specific gravity: 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed in almost all types of geological environments: primarily through cooling of silica-rich magma or from hydrothermal veins. Age varies from millions to billions of years.
Uses & applications
Used in construction, glass manufacturing, electronics (due to piezoelectricity), and widely utilized as a gemstone in jewelry and for specimen collecting.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. It is highly resistant to weathering and is the main component of most beach sands.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its hardness (scratches glass), glass-like luster, and lack of true cleavage. Often found near granite outcroppings or in gravel beds and stream deposits.
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Gneiss or Mica Schist with Garnet
Metamorphic
Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Calcite–fluorite mineral specimen with iron-oxide staining
Calcite (CaCO₃), likely fluorite (CaF₂), with possible quartz and iron/manganese oxides
mineral
Epidote
Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
metamorphic
Pegmatite with Tourmaline and Quartz
Igneous Pegmatite
igneous
Septarian Pebble
Septarian nodule / Concretion
sedimentary