mineral
Quartz Pebble (with Iron Inclusions)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow-brown to tan with dark inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Specific Gravity: 2.65.
- Hardness
- 7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Yellow-brown to tan with dark inclusions
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow-brown to tan with dark inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Specific Gravity: 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed via hydrothermal precipitation in veins or within metamorphic environments. This specific specimen is a water-worn, smoothed pebble likely transported by river or glacial action.
Uses & applications
Used in construction as decorative gravel, in lapidary work for tumbling, and industrially for making glass and silicon components.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. The yellow coloration is likely due to iron oxide staining, and the dark streak is a vein of iron-rich mineral or organic impurity.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its hardness (scratches glass), lack of cleavage, and smooth, rounded surface indicating fluvial erosion. Common in riverbeds and on beaches worldwide.
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