mineral
Quartz (Yellow/Citrine variety)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to light tan; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Pale yellow to light tan
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Pale yellow to light tan; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal structure: Hexagonal/Trigonal; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Formed primarily in igneous rocks such as granites and pegmatites, as well as in hydrothermal veins. Yellow varieties occur due to trace amounts of iron or structural defects within the crystal lattice.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in the glass industry, electronics (piezoelectric properties), and frequently as a gemstone in jewelry or for decorative purposes in metaphysical collections.
Geological facts
Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust. Yellow quartz is often called 'Citrine,' though natural citrine is rare; most commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its hardness (will scratch glass), lack of cleavage, and translucent, glassy appearance. Commonly found in riverbeds or mountain regions globally.
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metamorphic
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Mineral
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Mineral/Rock
Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)
Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)
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