sedimentary
Sandstone
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or grey; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (on Mohs scale)
- Color
- Reddish-brown, tan, or grey
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or grey; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments. This specimen appears to be a water-worn river cobble.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction for building stone, pavers, and retaining walls. Fine-grained varieties are used for grindstones. Culturally significant for indigenous carvings in some regions.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of Sedona and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sand-like texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (stratification). This specific rounded shape indicates long-term transport in high-energy water environments like riverbeds.
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