sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 principal)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (grains), Color: Tan, brown, or yellow-orange (due to iron oxides), Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of cemented sand-sized grains), Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (grains), Color: Tan, brown, or yellow-orange (due to iron oxides), Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of cemented sand-sized grains), Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (lithification). Most commonly forms in river deltas, deserts, or marine environments where sand is deposited.
Uses & applications
Historically used for building construction, grindstones for sharpening tools, glass manufacturing (if high silica content), and as decorative pavers.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks. It often contains fossils and serves as a major aquifer or reservoir for petroleum and natural gas.
Field identification & locations
Identify by the gritty sand-paper feel. Found globally in canyon walls and riverbeds. For collectors, look for unique patterns like cross-bedding or fossil inclusions.
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