sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Quartzose Sandstone)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz); Color: Tan, brown, and white banding; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Granular/clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz)
- Color
- Tan, brown, and white banding
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz); Color: Tan, brown, and white banding; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Granular/clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (lithification). These often form in river beds, beaches, or desert environments over millions of years (Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras).
Uses & applications
Used widely as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass. It is also an important reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up approximately 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and Petra are primarily carved from sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers of sediment (bedding). Commonly found in dry riverbeds, canyons, and coastal cliffs. Collectors should look for unique banding or patterns caused by iron oxidation.
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