sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Quartzose Sandstone pebble)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown with visible sand-sized grains; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of rounded mineral grains); Cleavage: None (grains are cemented together); Specific gravity: Approx 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (if quartz-rich)
- Color
- Tan, beige, or light brown with visible sand-sized grains
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown with visible sand-sized grains; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of rounded mineral grains); Cleavage: None (grains are cemented together); Specific gravity: Approx 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, which are then compacted and cemented together by pressure and minerals like silica or calcite over millions of years. This specimen shows signs of water-worn erosion, likely from a riverbed or coastal environment.
Uses & applications
Major construction material, used in the manufacture of glass (if high purity silica), as decorative landscaping stones, or as a building material for aquifers and oil reservoirs.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Because of its porosity, it is one of the most important rocks for storing ground water and fossil fuels deep underground.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' texture and the presence of visible grains between 0.06mm and 2mm. Usually found in desert regions, ancient river beds, or beaches. Collectors should look for unique banding (liesegang rings) or fossil inclusions.
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