sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily Quartz Sandstone with Iron Oxide)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or earth tones; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Reddish-brown, tan, or earth tones
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or earth tones; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand grains; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments. Red coloration indicates the presence of iron oxide (hematite) during lithification.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for flagstone, paving, and building facades; can also be used as a source of silica for glassmaking or as a reservoir for groundwater and oil.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering or rounded shape if found in water-eroded environments. Common in arid regions and old river basins.
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