sedimentary
Red Sandstone (Iron-stained)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily Quartz with Iron Oxides)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan/Cream with bright red-orange iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull or earthy; Texture: Granular/gritty like sandpaper; Cleavage: None (breaks across grains)
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- Tan/Cream with bright red-orange iron oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan/Cream with bright red-orange iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull or earthy; Texture: Granular/gritty like sandpaper; Cleavage: None (breaks across grains)
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized minerals. The red color suggests deposition in an oxygen-rich environment (subaerial) where iron minerals like hematite oxidized, or later fluid infiltration of iron-rich mineralized water.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction as building stone, pavers, and decorative landscaping. Also serves as important aquifers and petroleum reservoirs in geological layers.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The red color in famous geological formations like the Grand Canyon or Sedona is due to iron oxide 'rust' coating the sand grains.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and distinct layering (bedding). Commonly found in desert environments, river basins, and coastal areas. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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