sedimentary

Red Sandstone

Arenite (Ferruginous Sandstone)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Reddish-brown to pink (due to iron oxide); Luster: Dull/Matte; Structure: Clastic, fine to medium-grained; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs
Color: Reddish-brown to pink (due to iron oxide)
Luster: Dull/Matte

Identified June 29, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Reddish-brown to pink (due to iron oxide); Luster: Dull/Matte; Structure: Clastic, fine to medium-grained; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed by the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) in desert, river, or marine environments. The red color suggests deposition in an oxygen-rich environment (subaerial) where iron minerals oxidized.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in construction for building facades, paving, and landscaping. Higher quality slabs are used as decorative stone or for sharpening tools. It is also a significant reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Red sandstone is famous for creating the iconic landscapes of the American Southwest, such as the Grand Canyon and Zion National Park. The Old Red Sandstone of the British Isles is a classic geological landmark from the Devonian period.

Field identification & locations

Field identification focuses on the gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible bedding planes. Widespread in sedimentary basins globally, including the Colorado Plateau (USA), Scotland, and central Australia. Look for layers and the presence of hematite staining.