sedimentary
Red Sandstone
Arenite (Ferruginous Sandstone)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Red dish-brown to tan, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Red dish-brown to tan, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or ocean shelf environments. The red color indicates the presence of iron oxide (hematite) during formation.
Uses & applications
Frequently used as a building material, paving stone, and in glass making if high silica content is present. In small specimens, it is a common educational tool for teaching sedimentary processes.
Geological facts
The Grand Canyon is one of the world's most famous displays of red sandstone layers. Sandstone is highly porous and often acts as a natural aquifer for groundwater.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers (bedding). Look for it in areas with ancient riverbeds or basin deposits. Can be tested with a drop of vinegar; if it fizzes, it contains calcite cement.
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Other sedimentary specimens
Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
Sedimentary
Cone-in-cone structure (Limestone)
Cone-in-cone structure (Secondary Sedimentary Structure)
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Sandstone Grain
Clastic Sedimentary Rock Grain (SiO2 dominated)
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Chert Breccia
Brecciated Chert (Microcrystalline Silica)
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Shale or Slaty Mudstone
Argillaceous sedimentary rock
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Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
sedimentary