gemstone
Ruby (or potential synthetic/imitation)
Corundum (Al2O3)
Hardness: 9 on Mohs scale (if genuine corundum); Color: Red (due to chromium); Luster: Subadamantine to vitreous; Crystal system: Trigonal.
- Hardness
- 9 on Mohs scale (if genuine corundum)
- Color
- Red (due to chromium)
- Luster
- Subadamantine to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 9 on Mohs scale (if genuine corundum); Color: Red (due to chromium); Luster: Subadamantine to vitreous; Crystal system: Trigonal.
Formation & geological history
Natural rubies form in metamorphic rocks (like marble) or igneous rocks (like basalt). Synthetics are created via flame fusion, flux growth, or hydrothermal processes.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone in jewelry. Synthetic corundum is also used in lasers and wear-resistant mechanical parts.
Geological facts
Ruby is July's birthstone. The most valuable rubies have a 'pigeon blood' red color.
Field identification & locations
Due to its setting in a ring and faceted cut, field identification of its natural vs. synthetic origin requires gemological tools (microscope, spectroscope) to observe inclusions and growth lines.
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