sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2, often with CaCO3 or Fe2O3 cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, yellow, red, gray, white; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, yellow, red, gray, white
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, yellow, red, gray, white; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized grains, primarily quartz and feldspar, in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material, decorative stone for landscaping, and a source of silicon for glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone is a primary reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum; some of the world's most famous rock formations like Antelope Canyon are made of it.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering; common in sedimentary basins worldwide. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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