sedimentary
Asphalt (Bituminous Pavement)
Bituminous mix (Aggregates with Bitumen binder)
Hardness: 1-3 (highly variable); Color: Black to dark grey; Luster: Dull to sub-metallic; Structure: Granular/clastic; Specific gravity: ~2.3
- Hardness
- 1-3 (highly variable)
- Color
- Black to dark grey
- Luster
- Dull to sub-metallic
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Physical properties
Hardness: 1-3 (highly variable); Color: Black to dark grey; Luster: Dull to sub-metallic; Structure: Granular/clastic; Specific gravity: ~2.3
Formation & geological history
Modern man-made sedimentary formation. It is composed of mineral aggregates (crushed rock, sand, gravel) bound together by bitumen, a viscous petroleum product. Natural asphalt also occurs in tar pits and oil sands.
Uses & applications
Primary material for road construction, airport runways, parking lots, and roofing shingles.
Geological facts
Asphalt is 100% recyclable and is the most recycled material in the world. Natural asphalt pits like the La Brea Tar Pits have preserved fossils for thousands of years.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its dark color, rough granular texture, and petroleum scent when heated. In the field, it is found covering most urban surfaces and highways.
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