Asphalt (Bituminous Pavement)

Physical Properties

Hardness: 1-3 (highly variable); Color: Black to dark grey; Luster: Dull to sub-metallic; Structure: Granular/clastic; Specific gravity: ~2.3

Formation & Geological History

Modern man-made sedimentary formation. It is composed of mineral aggregates (crushed rock, sand, gravel) bound together by bitumen, a viscous petroleum product. Natural asphalt also occurs in tar pits and oil sands.

Uses & Applications

Primary material for road construction, airport runways, parking lots, and roofing shingles.

Geological Facts

Asphalt is 100% recyclable and is the most recycled material in the world. Natural asphalt pits like the La Brea Tar Pits have preserved fossils for thousands of years.

Field Identification & Locations

Identified by its dark color, rough granular texture, and petroleum scent when heated. In the field, it is found covering most urban surfaces and highways.

Identified on: 4/26/2026

Mode: Standard