sedimentary
Brown Jasper (Tiger Jasper)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Opaque brown, tan, and reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Opaque brown, tan, and reddish-brown
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Opaque brown, tan, and reddish-brown; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91.
Formation & geological history
Formed when silica-rich fluids permeate through volcanic ash or sedimentary deposits, with the brown coloration resulting from high concentrations of iron oxide (limonite or goethite). Typical formation occurs in sedimentary environments during ancient geological periods.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for lapidary work including tumbled stones, jewelry beads, cabochons, and ornamental carvings. It is also a popular collector's stone for its grounding aesthetic.
Geological facts
Jasper was a favorite gem in the ancient world, its name can be traced back in Arabic, Persian, Hebrew, Assyrian, Greek, and Latin. Brown jasper specifically is often referred to as 'The Great Earth Mother' in various metaphysical traditions due to its earthy colors.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its opaque quality (unlike translucent agate), conchoidal fracture, and inability to be scratched by a steel knife. Common in the USA (Oregon, Idaho), Brazil, and Madagascar. Look for it in stream beds or desert regions where volcanic activity once occurred.
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