sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or grayish-yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs)
Color: Tan, brown, or grayish-yellow
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified March 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or grayish-yellow; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand-sized). Most sandstones are composed of quartz or feldspar. They form in environments like beaches, deserts, and floodplains.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in construction as a building material and decorative stone, for making grindstones, and as a source for glass silicon.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% to 25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan are both made of sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. Often displays bedding layers. Commonly found in river basins, coastal cliffs, and arid regions. Collectors look for unique banding patterns (wonderstone).