sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or rusty yellow due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or rusty yellow due to iron oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or rusty yellow due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized grains, typically in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments. The iron staining occurs as groundwater rich in iron minerals flows through the porous rock.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in building construction as flagstone, road aggregate, and as a source of quartz for glass making. Small specimens are used for teaching geological layering.
Geological facts
Sandstone common across all continents. The iconic colors of the Grand Canyon are largely due to various types of sandstone. It is highly porous and serves as a primary reservoir for underground water and oil.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sandpaper-like gritty texture. Often shows visible layers (bedding planes). Found globally in sedimentary basins and outcrops.
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